[[Introduction
Since 1881 the racist Zionist culture with the mad idea that
Jewry would be a "nation" had been established also in
racist czarist Russia. When the Communists came to power
Lenin headed the line that Jewry could never be a "nation"
(and this was right), and by this he installed Jewish
sections in the Communist party which had the task to
destroy the racist Zionist institutions and to install
Jewish Yiddish institutions. In the 1930s Stalin let destroy
a part of these Yiddish institutions, and when racist
Zionist Herzl Israel was founded Stalin let destroy all
Yiddish culture and performed the russification of the Jews.
Yiddish was spoken for a long time yet]].
[Lenin sees Jewry as
religion and not as a nation - assimilationist Lenin fighting against national
racist Zionist manipulated Jews and their racist national
Hebrew institutions - Jewish Communist party sections
created]
<YEVSEKTSIYA
(plural Yevsektsii), Jewish sections of the propaganda
department of the Russian Communist Party from 1918 to 1930.
*Lenin, the founder and leader of the Communist Party,
denied that the Jews were a living nation and saw
assimilation as the progressive solution to the Jewish
problem in Russia. This view gained currency in party
circles as a result of the debate between the Russian
Social-Democrats and the *Bund at the beginning of the 20th
century.
When the Communist Party took power in November 1917,
however, it was faced with the fact that millions of Jews,
speaking their own language and maintaining their own social
institutions, existed in Russia, and with the necessity of
establishing some temporary agency to deal with them until
such time as they had assimilated among their neighbors.
In January 1918 a "Jewish Commissariat" headed by S.
*Dimanstein was created, and Jewish sections
(Yevsektsii) [[of the
Communist party]] were organized in local party branches on
the model of the national sections which were then being
established to direct party work among other non-Russian
peoples.
[The goal of Yevsektsiya:
to destroy the racist Zionist Jewish institutions - to
convert racist Zionists into good Jewish Communists]
The first conference of the Jewish sections and
representatives of the Jewish Commissariat in the provinces
took place in Moscow in October 1918; their function was
defined as the propagandizing of Yiddish-speaking workers
and the establishment of the "dictatorship of the
proletariat" among the Jews. It was strongly emphasized that
the Jewish sections had no national goals and that Yiddish
was to be simply regarded as a necessary means of
communication with the Jewish masses, on no account valuable
in itself. The conference decided on "systematic destruction
of [[racist]] Zionist and bourgeois institutions", with the
kehillot hadarim
(ḥadarim), Hebrew schools, and [[racist]] Zionist parties
heading the list.
A central bureau headed by S. Dimanstein was elected. At the
second conference, which was attended by representatives of
communist parties and related organizations from the Ukraine
and Belorussia, economic activity among the Jews was decided
upon. The essential aim of this economic activity was the
cooperative organization of "semi-proletarian elements"
(i.e.,craftsmen and artisans), and the mass settlement on
the land of erstwhile Jewish merchants, deprived of their
means of livelihood by the revolution.
During the same year a considerable proportion of the Jewish
left-wing parties joined the Jewish sections as organized
bodies or as individuals. At the third conference (July
1920), which represented 1,743 active members, 34 of the 84
delegates were erstwhile Bundists, 11 were previously United
Socialists ("Fareynikte") [[Yidd.: Union]], and 7 were
previously members of *Po'alei Zion [["Zion Workers", racist
Zionist Labor party]]. The heads of the Jewish sections kept
a close watch on the ex-members of these Jewish parties to
see that no hint of their Jewish national allegiance was
introduced into their new party work. Fear of being accused
of [[racist]] "nationalistic and Zionist deviations" was so
pervasive in the Jewish sections that they were wary of
endorsing [[approving]] any comprehensive plan for Jewish
rehabilitation in Russia, , even when put forward by such
outstanding Communist leaders as Kalinin, Smidovich, and
*Larin.
The third conference decided that the Jewish sections were
no more than "technical [Communist] Party tools". At this
time head offices were established in the Ukraine and
Belorussia. Active in the Jewish sections besides Dimanstein
were A. Merezhin, M. *Rafes, M. *Frumkin ("Esther"), M.
Levitan, M. *Litvakov, A. *Tshemeriski, and M. Kipper.
[The liquidation actions of
racist national and Zionist institutions - creation of
Yiddish Jewish culture]
[[There are missing details about the liquidation,
processes, Gulag penalties, relegations and torture in the
criminal "Soviet Union". These details are missing because
Zionist Encyclopaedia Judaica from 1971 has obviously the
political line to see the "SU" as a "liberator" from Nazism
and does not want to criticize the Communists with their
criminal Gulag system...]]
With the help of government agencies, the police, and the
internal security forces, the
Yevsektsiya initiated and (col. 779)
executed the liquidation of Jewish
kehillot [[congregations, community
councils]], the confiscation of synagogue buildings, the
closing of
yeshivot
[[religious Torah schools]],
hadarim [[small Jewish schools, Jewish
religious school to age of 13]], and Hebrew schools, the
closing of libraries, and the banning of books. They fought
the remnants of Jewish [[racist Zionist]] political and
cultural organizations to the bitter end (*He-Halutz
(He-Ḥalutz), *Habimah [[the stage]], Left Po'alei Zion
[["Zion Workers", racist Zionist Labor party]]) or attempted
to take them over (Kultur Lige, *ORT [["Society for Manual
and Agricultural Work among Jews"]]).
The destruction of the existing [[racist Zionist]] Jewish
framework was accompanied by attempts to create
-- a Jewish Communist culture;
-- a Jewish press in Yiddish, headed by the dailies Der Emes
[[The Truth]] (Moscow), Der Shtern [[The Star]] (Kharkov),
and Oktyabr [[October]] (Minsk), which had a circulation of
27,000 at the end of the 1920s, was founded;
-- publishing houses which printed books in tens of
thousands of copies were established;
-- a network of primary and secondary schools was created;
-- and a few departments of Jewish culture were even created
in institutions of higher learning.
[Integration work into
"Soviet" industrialization and agriculture - damnification
of racist nationalist Zionism]
In 1924 the Jewish sections were made responsible for
integrating "classless elements" into the [[criminal Gulag]]
Soviet economic system by directing them to industrial and
agricultural labor. A public company "OZET" ("Land
Cultivation Company") was set up under the direction of the
Jewish sections to assist in the Jewish settlement project.
Cultural work was intensified, and Yiddish became the
official language in trade unions and youth and women's
organizations with a predominantly Jewish membership.
Attempts were made to adapt [[criminal Gulag]] Soviet
institutions in towns with large Jewish populations in order
to serve the Jewish public in their mother tongue. The
Jewish sections were also made responsible for bringing the
problems involved in their activities among the Jewish
population before the central and local Communist Party
committees. Territorial programs for Jewish settlement on
the land were put forward; this culminated in the
proclamation of *Birobidzhan in the Far East as an area of
Jewish settlement (1928).
[[There were Jewish ministers in the Stalin administration
and they started all these projects for Jewish integration
in to the Soviet society]].
Contrary to their initial "technical" program, the Jewish
sections began to serve also as consolidatory factors in
Jewish life. At the council of Jewish sections in 1926 a
struggle between different trends took place. The council
expressed reservations both with regard to the
assimilationists in the Communist party, who saw any
separate work among the Jewish population as a nationalist
deviation, and with regard to those who saw the work of the
Jewish sections as "a way of preserving the Jewish people";
it redefined the sole function of the Jewish sections as the
introduction of socialism among the Jewish masses.
[[A part of this was right, because Jewry was a religion and
not a nation, and racist Zionism should not take all Jews
into an eternal war with the Arabs in Palestine which was
already going on there with racist Zionist terror
organizations and Arab defense. But the Gulag and prison
conditions for the disfranchised Jews are missing in the
article. Encyclopaedia Judaica never mentions the word
"Gulag"...]]
[Jewish agricultural
settlements - integration in Soviet industry]
While the revolution had created the conditions for the
agricultural settlement of Jews and the consolidation of
some of them as a separate national unit in a separate
territory [[with the racist Zionist option to settle in
Palestine later and to be the base of the new racist "Jewish
State"]], the great majority of Jews were to find the (col.
780)
solution to their social and economic problems in the
transition to heavy industry, and were inevitably to
assimilate among the masses of non-Jewish workers. When
Soviet policy swung leftward at the end of the 1920s, the
fate of the Jewish sections was sealed. In January 1930,
within the contest of the general liquidation of the
national sections of Communist Party institutions in the
[[criminal Gulag]] Soviet Union, it was decided to liquidate
the Jewish sections. Jewish section activists in practice
continued to work among the Jewish population until 1934,
but the scope of their work became more and more limited.
[Liquidation of the Jewish
branch Yevsektsiya of the Communist party in the 1930s -
liquidation of the Jewish institutions in the 1940s]
The imprisonment and liquidation of Jewish section
activists, which began in 1934, continued until the late
1930s, and was accompanied by the gradual liquidation of
educational and cultural institutions and other achievements
of Jewish autonomy; their liquidation was completed by the
end of the 1940s.
[[After the foundation of racist Zionist Herzl Israel when
it came out that racist Zionist Herzl Israel was an ally of
the "USA" and of CIA, Stalin felt encircled by "US" allies
(Europe, racist Zionist Free Mason CIA Herzl Israel, India,
and Japan), and by this Stalin stopped all Jewish
institutions in his criminal Gulag "SU". The Jews went into
a "russification", and step by step also all synagogues were
converted into store houses in the 1950s and 1960s. Yiddish
was spoken for a long time yet until the 1980s]].
Bibliography
-- S. Agurski: Der Yidisher Arbeter in der Komunistisher
Bavegung (1925)
-- Alfarbandishe Baratung fun di Yidishe Sektsies fun der
AKP (b) (1926)
-- S. Agurski: Di Yidishe Komisariatn un di Yidishe
Komunistishe Sektsies (1928)
-- N. Gergel: Di Lage fun di Yidn in Rusland (1929)
-- M.G. Rafes: Orcherki istorii yevreyskogo rabochego
dvizheniya (1929), 217-54
-- B. Slutski: Leksikon fun Politishe un Fremd-Verter
(1929), 78-83
-- S. Agurski, in: Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 24
(1932), 337-8
-- J. Lestschinsky: Ha-Yehudim be-Rusyah ha-Sovyetit (1943)
-- S.M. Schwarz: The Jews in the Soviet Union (1951), 100-1
-- M. Altshuler: Reshit ha-Yevsektsiya, 1918-1921 (1966).
[Y.S.]> (col. 781)
Sources
|
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Yevsektsiya, vol.
16, col. 779-780
|
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Yevsektsiya, vol.
16, col. 781
|
